In pursuit of balance: How wine is redefining tourism in Spain

The hastily painted graffiti appeared on a well-trafficked street during my yearly visit to A Coruña, in northwest Spain: ‘TOURISTS GO HOME!’

This coastal Galician city receives far fewer tourists than popular holiday destinations such as Barcelona, Ibiza or Benidorm, but even A Coruña – an increasingly popular stop for cruise ships from Germany, the UK and the US – has felt the strain of a rising tide of visitors.

It’s a tension being felt all over Spain. Earlier this summer, simmering frustrations bubbled over as protests broke out across the country.

Overtourism backlash: demonstrators march during a protest called by the ABDT group
(Neighbourhoods Assembly for Tourist Degrowth) in Barcelona, June 2025. Photo credit: ANGEL GARCIA/BLOOMBERG VIA GETTY IMAGES.

Angry locals picketed hotels and berated tourists sitting outside cafés, even spraying them with water pistols. Tourism, which according to official data accounts for more than 12% of Spain’s GDP, is being blamed for a medley of issues including gentrification of city neighbourhoods, higher housing costs and damage to the environment.

Other side of the coin

Despite its very real pitfalls, not everyone is against tourism – at least not in certain forms.

Many of Spain’s wine regions are putting their resources into ‘enoturismo’, or wine tourism. The benefits are compelling – in fact, tackling many of the issues caused by overtourism elsewhere.

Wine tourism redistributes visitors beyond cities into rural areas, helping to ease overcrowding. And it isn’t especially seasonal; there are plenty of opportunities to enjoy wine regions throughout the year.

It also creates economic opportunities in places where they might otherwise be harder to come by – an important countermeasure to the socioeconomic forces that created the so-called ‘España vacía’: large swathes of Spain’s rural interior that became depopulated as people moved away to find employment, particularly during the 1950s and ’60s.

Data reported by tourism organisation Rutas del Vino de España (Wine Routes of Spain) for 2023 estimates that wine tourism brings in more than €100 million a year in visits to wineries and museums alone – not including spending on accommodation, restaurants or tour companies, which is estimated to be in excess of €300 million.

Inland discoveries

With that in mind, Spanish wineries are making moves to attract more wine-loving visitors.

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”}

This article first appeared in the Spain 2025 supplement that accompanies Decanter magazine’s November 2025 issue.

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