The International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV) released its first estimates for global wine production in 2025, projecting a total output between 228 and 235 million hectoliters. The mid-range estimate stands at 232 million hectoliters, which is a 3% increase compared to the historically low harvest of 2024. However, this figure remains 7% below the average production of the past five years.
In the European Union, wine production for 2025 is provisionally set at around 140 million hectoliters. This represents a moderate increase of 2.1 million hectoliters, or about 2%, over last year’s figures. Despite this slight recovery, EU wine output is still 8% lower than the five-year average. If these numbers are confirmed, 2025 will be recorded as the second-lowest year for EU wine production since the start of the century. The EU continues to produce about 60% of the world’s wine, maintaining its share from previous years.
Spain remains a focal point in this year’s report. The country is expected to produce approximately 29.4 million hectoliters of wine in 2025, making it the third-largest producer in the European Union. This figure marks a decrease of 1.7 million hectoliters, or 6%, compared to last year. It is also 15% below Spain’s five-year average and represents one of the smallest harvests in recent decades. In fact, Spanish wine production has fallen below the threshold of 30 million hectoliters only twice in the past thirty years—first in 2023 and now again in 2025.
The decline in Spanish wine output is attributed mainly to ongoing drought conditions, now entering their third consecutive year. The situation has been made worse by intense summer heat and localized hailstorms that have affected many vineyards across the country. These weather events have stressed vines, reduced yields, and delayed grape ripening throughout much of Spain’s wine-producing regions.
Water scarcity and increasing climate volatility are also contributing factors behind a reduction in vineyard area across Spain. Many growers are facing difficult decisions as they contend with less predictable weather patterns and limited water resources. These challenges are not unique to Spain but are being felt across several major wine-producing countries.
The OIV’s early estimates highlight ongoing concerns about climate change and its impact on global agriculture, particularly for crops like grapes that are sensitive to weather extremes. As producers adapt to these new realities, both consumers and industry professionals will be watching closely to see how future harvests develop and how these changes may affect availability and prices on the international market.
Dining and Cooking